The stability problem

Proteins are large, water-soluble and quick to degrade. In a water-based formula they oxidise, clump together and unfold, and an unfolded protein is no longer the molecule that went into the bottle. This is why the concentration printed on many protein serums is hard to stand behind: what was filled on day 1 is not necessarily what comes out on day 60.

So stability comes first. The formulation literature on liquid protein pharmaceuticals (Wang, 1999, cited on the homepage) sets out how proteins fail and how formulators protect them: excipients, pH control, keeping air out, and carriers that shield the folded protein.

Core Biogenesis, the developer of the actives, reports that binding a protein to an oleosome keeps its structure more stable than the free protein. That data is theirs and we do not restate it as ours. What matters to us is the practical result: an active that stays intact in the bottle is one whose concentration we can print on the carton and mean.

Note 05 explains how the oleosome does this. Note 10 explains what it means for the bottle itself: airless, metered and kept cool.